Physical fitness is the ability to function effectively throughout their workday, conduct their daily activities and still have enough physical energy left over to handle any extra, or emergencies that may arise.
The components of physical fitness are:
* Cardiorespiratory (CR) endurance - the efficiency with which the body provides oxygen and nutrients needed for muscular activity and transports waste products from cells.
* Muscular strength - the greatest amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single effort.
* Muscular strength - the ability of a muscle or a muscle group to perform repeated movements with a sub-maximum force for long periods of time.
* Flexibility - the ability to move joints or any group of joints through an entire, normal range of motion.
* Body composition - the percentage of body fat a person has in relation to their total body mass.
Factors such as speed, agility, muscle strength, eye-hand coordination and eye-foot coordination are classified as components of “motor” fitness. These factors affect the majority of their athletic ability. Appropriate training can easily improve these factors within the limits of their potential.
Principles of Exercise
Adherence to certain basic exercise principles is important for the development of an effective program. The same principles of exercise that affects everyone in all levels of fitness, the Olympic-caliber athlete to the weekend racer.
These basic principles must be followed for the year.
Regularity
To achieve a training effect, which should be exercised frequently. You should exercise each of the first four components of fitness at least three times a week. Infrequent exercise can do more harm than good. Also important is the regular rest, sleep, and following a sensible diet.
Progression
The intensity (how hard) and / or duration (how long), should gradually increase the exercise to improve fitness.
Balance
To be effective, must include a program of activities that address all components of fitness, since overemphasizing any of them may hurt others.
Variety
Provide various activities reduces boredom and increases motivation and progress.
Specificity
Training should be geared towards specific goals. For example, people become better runners if their training emphasizes running. While swimming is great exercise, it does not improve a 2-mile run time as a running program.
Recovery
A hard day’s training for a particular component of fitness should be followed by a training day easier or rest day for the constituents and / or muscle group (s) to help permit recovery. Another good way to allow recovery is to alternate the muscle groups exercised every two days, especially when training for strength and / or muscular endurance.
Overload
The workload of each exercise session must exceed the normal demand of the entity to achieve a training effect.